Copper Toxicosis 

Although this disease has yet to show symptoms within breeds outside of Labradors, Labrador crosses, Dobermanns, and a few other breeds, I thought to add information about it as more and more White Swiss Shepherds have been showing up with one or both copies of the Copper Toxicosis (ATP7B) gene through Embark. I have reached out to multiple genetics companies, including Embark, UC Davis, and GenSol. I have attached responses from UC-Davis and GenSol with questions regarding the ATP7B gene affecting White Swiss Shepherds. "Canine copper toxicosis (CT) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in accumulation of copper at toxic levels in the liver owing to deficient excretion via the bile (Hardy et al. 1975)...Our results suggest that the gene responsible for CT is probably a novel mammalian gene involved in copper transport or homeostasis in liver cells. Mutations in the homologous human gene(s) could give rise to a disease phenotype similar to canine copper toxicosis" (Dagenais, S. L., Guevara-Fujita, M., Loechel, R. et all. 1999). There are many other studies regarding CT primarily focusing on Labrador Retrievers and Lab crosses. I will link them below.